The Princeton economist will serve as president-elect through 2023 and as president in 2024.
The Chicago Booth professor will begin work at the reserve bank in January.
The prize is awarded annually to an individual who has furthered the status of women in economics.
The economist is an expert on intellectual property, entrepreneurship and innovation.
Giuseppe Moscarini’s research focuses on pricing, inflation and monetary policy. He has been a member of Yale faculty since 1996.